Yii2 Nested Intervals Behavior

Implementation of nested intervals algorithm for storing the trees in DB tables.

Install

Install via Composer:

composer require paulzi/yii2-nested-intervals

or add

"paulzi/yii2-nested-intervals" : "^1.1"

to the require section of your composer.json file.

Migrations example

Single tree migration:

class m150722_150000_single_tree extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        $tableOptions = null;
        if ($this->db->driverName === 'mysql') {
            // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/766809/whats-the-difference-between-utf8-general-ci-and-utf8-unicode-ci
            $tableOptions = 'CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci ENGINE=InnoDB';
        }
        $this->createTable('{{%single_tree}}', [
            'id'    => Schema::TYPE_PK,
            'lft'   => Schema::TYPE_INTEGER . ' NOT NULL',
            'rgt'   => Schema::TYPE_INTEGER . ' NOT NULL',
            'depth' => Schema::TYPE_INTEGER . ' NOT NULL',
            'name'  => Schema::TYPE_STRING . ' NOT NULL', // example field
        ], $tableOptions);
        $this->createIndex('lft', '{{%single_tree}}', ['lft', 'rgt']);
        $this->createIndex('rgt', '{{%single_tree}}', ['rgt']);
    }
}

Multiple tree migration:

class m150722_150100_multiple_tree extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        $tableOptions = null;
        if ($this->db->driverName === 'mysql') {
            // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/766809/whats-the-difference-between-utf8-general-ci-and-utf8-unicode-ci
            $tableOptions = 'CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci ENGINE=InnoDB';
        }
        $this->createTable('{{%multiple_tree}}', [
            'id'    => Schema::TYPE_PK,
            'tree'  => Schema::TYPE_INTEGER . ' NULL',
            'lft'   => Schema::TYPE_INTEGER . ' NOT NULL',
            'rgt'   => Schema::TYPE_INTEGER . ' NOT NULL',
            'depth' => Schema::TYPE_INTEGER . ' NOT NULL',
            'name'  => Schema::TYPE_STRING . ' NOT NULL', // example field
        ], $tableOptions);
        $this->createIndex('lft', '{{%multiple_tree}}', ['tree', 'lft', 'rgt']);
        $this->createIndex('rgt', '{{%multiple_tree}}', ['tree', 'rgt']);
    }
}

Configuring

use paulzi\nestedintervals\NestedIntervalsBehavior;

class Sample extends \yii\db\ActiveRecord
{
    public function behaviors() {
        return [
            [
                'class' => NestedIntervalsBehavior::className(),
                // 'treeAttribute' => 'tree',
            ],
        ];
    }

    public function transactions()
    {
        return [
            self::SCENARIO_DEFAULT => self::OP_ALL,
        ];
    }
}

Optional you can setup Query for finding roots:

class Sample extends \yii\db\ActiveRecord
{
    public static function find()
    {
        return new SampleQuery(get_called_class());
    }
}

Query class:

use paulzi\nestedintervals\NestedIntervalsQueryTrait;

class SampleQuery extends \yii\db\ActiveQuery
{
    use NestedIntervalsQueryTrait;
}

Options

• $treeAttribute = null - setup tree attribute for multiple tree in table schema.
• $leftAttribute = 'lft' - left attribute in table schema.
• $rightAttribute = 'rgt' - right attribute in table schema.
• $depthAttribute = 'depth' - depth attribute in table schema (note: it must be signed int).
• $range = [0, 2147483647] - interval size. Default values is max value for work in 32 bit php and standard signed int columns. If you have BIGINT left and right columns, support 64 bit expression db and 64 bit version of php, you can use [0, 9223372036854775807] (SQLite not support this).
• $amountOptimize = 10 - optimization of the insert - the average number of children per level. The value can be an integer or an array indicating the value for each level. If the level is deeper than specified in the property, the value is taken from the last level in the array.
• $reserveFactor = 1 - factor determining the size of the gaps between the nodes. Default is 1, which corresponds to the fact that the intervals are equal to the size of the elements themselves. If you have many use of insertBefore() and insertAfter() methods, you can try to increase this factor for better efficiency.
• $noPrepend = false - if true, then when you insert into an empty node will use the initial position of the gap.
• $noAppend = false - if true, then when you insert into an empty node will be used by the final position of the gap.
• $noInsert = false - if true, then between neighboring nodes will not be gaps.

Usage

Selection

Getting the root nodes

If you connect NestedIntervalsQueryTrait, you can get all the root nodes:

$roots = Sample::find()->roots()->all();

Getting ancestors of a node

To get ancestors of a node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$parents = $node11->parents; // via relation
$parents = $node11->getParents()->all(); // via query
$parents = $node11->getParents(2)->all(); // get 2 levels of ancestors

To get parent of a node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$parent = $node11->parent; // via relation
$parent = $node11->getParent()->one(); // via query

To get root of a node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$root = $node11->root; // via relation
$root = $node11->getRoot()->one(); // via query

Getting descendants of a node

To get all the descendants of a node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$descendants = $node11->descendants; // via relation
$descendants = $node11->getDescendants()->all(); // via query
$descendants = $node11->getDescendants(2, true)->all(); // get 2 levels of descendants and self node
$descendants = $node11->getDescendants(3, false, true)->all(); // get 3 levels of descendants in back order

To populate children relations for self and descendants of a node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$tree = $node11->populateTree(); // populate all levels
$tree = $node11->populateTree(2); // populate 2 levels of descendants

To get the children of a node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$children = $node11->children; // via relation
$children = $node11->getChildren()->all(); // via query

Getting the leaves nodes

To get all the leaves of a node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$leaves = $node11->leaves; // via relation
$leaves = $node11->getLeaves(2)->all(); // get 2 levels of leaves via query

Getting the neighbors nodes

To get the next node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$next = $node11->next; // via relation
$next = $node11->getNext()->one(); // via query

To get the previous node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$prev = $node11->prev; // via relation
$prev = $node11->getPrev()->one(); // via query

Some checks

$node1 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1']);
$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$node11->isRoot() - return true, if node is root
$node11->isLeaf() - return true, if node is leaf
$node11->isChildOf($node1) - return true, if node11 is child of $node1

Modifications

To make a root node:

$node11 = new Sample();
$node11->name = 'node 1.1';
$node11->makeRoot()->save();

Note: if you allow multiple trees and attribute tree is not set, it automatically takes the primary key value.

To prepend a node as the first child of another node:

$node1 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1']);
$node11 = new Sample();
$node11->name = 'node 1.1';
$node11->prependTo($node1)->save(); // inserting new node

To append a node as the last child of another node:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$node12 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.2']);
$node12->appendTo($node11)->save(); // move existing node

To insert a node before another node:

$node13 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.3']);
$node12 = new Sample();
$node12->name = 'node 1.2';
$node12->insertBefore($node13)->save(); // inserting new node

To insert a node after another node:

$node13 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.3']);
$node14 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.4']);
$node14->insertAfter($node13)->save(); // move existing node

To delete a node with descendants:

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$node11->delete(); // delete node, children come up to the parent
$node11->deleteWithChildren(); // delete node and all descendants 

Optimisation

For uniform distribution of nodes over the interval (slow!):

$node11 = Sample::findOne(['name' => 'node 1.1']);
$node11->optimize();